Imperative sentence

What is imperative sentences?

The imperative mood (abbreviated ) is a grammatical mood that expresses direct commands or requests. It tells you to do something. It is also used to signal a prohibition, permission or any other kind of exhortation.
Definition:
A sentence that gives advice or instructions or that expresses a request or command. (Compare with sentences that make a statement, ask a question, or express an exclamation.) An imperative sentence ends with a period or an exclamation point.

Imperative Sentences

Sentence and Structure

An imperative sentence is used to give a command or to implore or entreat.

People who have authority use imperative sentences. Sometimes, people who don't have authority use imperative sentences. The results may differ.

imperative sentences

Wash the car.
Clean up your room.
Martin, report to the counselor.
Please donate to the community charity fund.


Imperative sentences are used in issuing orders or directives:

Leave your coat in the hall
Give me your phone number
Don't shut the door
Stop!

Tag questions are sometimes added to the end of imperatives:

Leave your coat in the hall, will you?
Write soon, won't you?

In an imperative sentence, the main verb is in the base form. This is an exception to the general rule that matrix clauses are always finite.  

Imperatives exerciese

Rewrite the sentences in imperative. Keep the same meaning.

Example:You can't step on the grass. - Don't step on the grass.
We must revise some new words. - Let's revise some new words.

He should have a job. !

We mustn't stop now. !

You must go to bed. !

You should get up early. !

You mustn't stand here. !

She can have a drink. !

They must clean the carpet. !

Present Simple Tense

Present tense

A present tense (abbreviated pres or prs) is a grammatical tense that locates a situation or event in present time. In English, the present may be used to express action in the present, a current state of being, an occurrence in the future, or an action that started in the past and continues.

" How to use Present Simple Tense "

Form of the Simple Present Tense

We add -s or -es to the base form of the verb in the third person singular.

I work >
You work >
He works >
She works >
It works > in an office.

We work >
You work >
They work >

Uses of the Simple Present Tense

Permanent truths

We use the Simple Present for statements that are always true:

Summer follows spring. Gases expand when heated.

The present period'

We use the Simple Present to refer to events, actions or situations which are true in the present period of time and which, for all we know, may continue indefinitely. What we are saying, in effect, is 'this is the situation as it stands at present':

  

My father works in a bank. My sister wears glasses.

Habitual actions

The Simple Present can be used with or without an adverb of time to describe habitual actions, things that happen repeatedly:

• I get up at 7. John smokes a lot.

We can be more precise about habitual actions by using the Simple Present with adverbs of indefinite frequency (always, never, etc.) or with adverbial phrases such as every day:

• I sometimes stay up till midnight.
• She visits her parents every day.

We commonly use the Simple Present to ask and answer questions which begin with How often?:

• How often do you go to the dentist? - I go every six months.

Questions relating to habit can be asked with ever and answered with never:

• Do you ever eat meat? - No, I never eat meat.

 

Future reference

This use is often related to timetables and programmes or to events in the calendar:

• The exhibition opens on January 1st and closes on January 31st.
• The concert begins at 7.30 and ends at 9.30.
• We leave tomorrow at 11.15 and arrive at 17.50.
• Wednesday, May 24th marks our 25th wedding anniversary.

Observations and declarations

We commonly use the Simple Present with stative and other verbs to make observations and declarations in the course of conversation: e.g.

• I hope/assume/suppose/promise everything will be all right.
• I bet you were nervous just before your driving test.
• It says here that the police expect more trouble in the city.
• I declare this exhibition open.
• I see/hear there are roadworks in the street again.
• I love you. I hate him.
• We live in difficult times. - I agree.

Simple Present Tense in adverbial clauses of time: 'no future after temporals'

When the time clause refers to the future, we normally use the simple present after after, as soon as, before, by the time, directly, immediately, the moment, till, until and when where we might expect a Simple Future.

• The Owens will move to a new flat when their baby is born.
• I will go to the cinema after I finish my homework.
• You will get the dessert as soon as you finish your dinner.

Present Simple Tense Song

Reference:

http://www.znanje.org/knjige/english/grammar/verbs/spt.htm

http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/English_in_Use/Present_Simple_Tense



Preposition

What is Preposition ?

Definition: Prepositions are a class of words that indicate relationships between nouns, pronouns and other words in a sentence. Most often they come before a noun. They never change their form, regardless of the case, gender etc. of the word they are referring to. Some common prepositions are:

about       by            outside
above      despite      over
across     down        past
after        during       since
against     except      through
Prepositions typically come before a noun:
For example:

• after class
• at home
• before Tuesday
• in London
• on fire
• with pleasure

A preposition usually indicates the temporal, spatial or logical relationship of its object to the rest of the sentence.
For example:

• The book is on the table.
• The book is beside the table.
• She read the book during class.
  
  In each of the preceding sentences, a preposition locates the noun "book" in space or in time.

Prepositions are classified as simple or compound.
Simple prepositions
Simple prepositions are single word prepositions. These are all showed above.
For example:

• The book is on the table.

Compound prepositions
Compound prepositions are more than one word. in between and because of are prepositions made up of two words - in front of, on behalf of are prepositions made up of three words.
For example:

• The book is in between War and Peace and The Lord of the Rings.
• The book is in front of the clock.

Examples:

• The children climbed the mountain without fear.
• There was rejoicing throughout the land when the government was defeated.
• The spider crawled slowly along the banister.

The following table contains rules for some of the most frequently used prepositions in English:

Prepositions of Time:
-  on               day of the week                  on Monday
-  in               months / seasons                  in August / in winter
                     time of day                           in the morning
                     year                                     in 2006
                     after a certain period            in an hourat
                     of time (when?)
  - at              for night                             at night                   
                     for weekend                       at the weekend
                     a certain point                     at half past nine
                     of time (when?)

Prepositions of Place:

in                room, building, street, town, country       in the kitchen, in London

                      book, paper etc.                                     in the book
                      car, taxi                                                  in the car, in a taxi                
                      picture, world                                         in the picture, in the world 
- at                 meaning next to, by an object               at the door, at the station
                      for table                                                at the table
                      for events                                               at a concert, at the party
                      place where you are to do                      at the cinema, at school,at work
                      something typical (watch a film, study,work)
- on                attached                                                the picture on the wall
                      for a place with a river                           London lines on the Thames
                      being on a surface                                  on the table
                      for a certain side (left, right)                    on the left
                      for a floor in a house                               on the first floor
                      for public transport                                 on the bus,on a plane
                      for television, radio                               on tv, on the radio

Preposition Song



Complete the exercise according to the picture.

AtInOn the picture, I can see a woman.

The woman is sitting atin front ofon a table.

She is sitting atinon a chair.

There is another chair acrossbesideopposite the woman.

Her feet are besideonunder the table

The woman is holding a cup atininto her hands.

AboveAtOn the table are a laptop, a paper, a calculator, an appointment calendar, two pens and a muffin.

The woman is looking atonto her laptop.

The woman's bag is betweenbehindunder the table.

........................................................................................................................
Reference
http://www.englishlanguageguide.com/english/grammar/preposition.asp
http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/prepositions
http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/prepositions/exercises?07

Auxiliary Verbs

What are auxiliary verbs?

Auxiliary verbs are used together with a main verb to give grammatical information and therefore add extra meaning to a sentence. Information that is not given by the main verb.
They are used to form the passive voice.
They are used to form the continuous tense.
They are used to form the perfect tense.

Be, Do and Have are auxiliary verbs, they are irregular verbs and can be used as main verbs. The verbs 'to be' and 'to have' are the most commonly used auxiliary verbs and work alongside the main verbs in any statement.

Modal verbs are also auxiliary verbs, but will be treated separately, these are can, could, may, might, must, shall, should, will, and would, they differ from the others in that they can never function as a main verb.

The 3 most common auxiliary verbs are:

• Do - Does - Did
• Do is used with the present simple tense. Do-Does are used as part of the sentence structure for negative statements/sentences with the present simple tense
• Do- Does are used as part of the sentence structure for questions, with the present simple tense.
• Did is used with the past simple tense.
• Did is used as part of the sentence structure for negative statements/sentences with the past simple tense
• Did is used as part of the sentence structure for questions, with the past simple tense.
• Be - Am - Is - Are -Was - Were
• Have - Has -Had

DO', 'BE' and 'HAVE' are the English auxiliary verbs used in a negative structure, a question or to show tense.


DESCRIPTIONS OF ENGLISH AUXILIARY VERBS:

1. 'DO', 'DON'T', 'DOES' and 'DOESN'T' are used for questions and negatives in the Present Simple Tense, and 'DID' and 'DIDN'T' are used in the Past Simple Tense.

2. 'BE' is used with the Present Participle in Continuous (Progressive) Verbs. It is also used with the Past Participle in the Passive.

3. 'HAVE' is used with the Past Participle to form the Perfect Aspect.

Tobe

Be is the most common verb in the English language.
It can be used as an auxiliary and a main verb. It is used a lot in its other forms.

Base form = be
Present form = am/is/are
Past form = was/were
Present Participle / Gerund = being
Past Participle = been

More on the Verb To Be

To do

The verb do is one of the most common verbs in English.
It can be used as an auxiliary and a main verb. It is often used in questions.

Base form = do
Present form = do/does
Past form = did
Present Participle / Gerund = doing
Past Participle = done

More on the Verb To Do

!Note - The auxiliary verb 'do' is always followed by the base form (infinitive).

To have

Have is one of the most common verbs in the English language.

Base form = have
Present form = have / has
Past form = had
Present Participle / Gerund = having
Past Participle = had

More on the Verb To Have

Auxiliary Verb Exercise

The following sentences are taken from The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, a book you will be reading in a few weeks.  Underline the auxiliary verb in each sentence.

1.  Tom was swimming in bliss.

2.  Well, I’ve been pretty much so, too, Huck.

3.  I been creeping all over, ever since I got here.

4.  The boys were subdued by these solemnities, and talked little.

5.  Now the raft was passing before the distant town.

6.  Well, he’s mended kites for me, Huck, and knitted hooks on to my line.

7.  Daily Muff Potter’s gratitude made Tom glad he had spoken; but nightly he wished he had sealed up his    tongue.

8.  Aunt Polly was vexed to think she had overlooked that bit of circumstantial evidence,   and missed a trick.

9.  They’re coming right toward the door.

10.  The family were still at table, but they had finished breakfast.

Fill in the blanks with the correct auxiliary verb.  If there is more than one tense possible, indicate both options.  For example:  She was/is going to the prom.  Remember, auxiliary verbs are forms of be, have, and do.

I ______ spending my money.

We _______________ going fishing.

They ________________ dancing all night.

He ___________ washed the car.

I ____________ eating a jelly donut.

Six hot dogs ___________ eaten by them during the game.

Bill _____________ gone to the doctor.

Ms. Keyser _______________ not teaching today.

We _______________ teaching instead.

I _____________ finished with auxiliary verb sentences.

                                                                          Good Lucky

***

Reference:

http://www.english-the-easy-way.com/English_ESL/Auxiliary_Verbs.htm

http://www.learnenglish.de/grammar/verbaux.htm

http://teachling.wwu.edu/files/Auxiliary%20Verb%20Exercise.doc

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S5Drs2UuB2Y

Wh-Question words

What is Wh-Question ?

question starting with word beginning wh : a question that starts with who, what, where, when, why, or how. It cannot be answered by "yes" or "no."

Who refers to people, and can be used as subject, object or complement:
- Who owns that car?
- Who did you meet?
- Who was her father?

Whom is used as a formal alternative to who as object, and also directly after preposition:
- Whom did you meet?
- To whom were you talking?

Which is used to refer to people when we want to identify somebody in a group (For example,in a crowded room or on a photograph):
- "Which is your brother?" "The one next to Ken"

When we use who or what as subjects, the verb that follows is usually singular, even if a plural answer is expected:
- Who wants a cup of coffee?
- What is there to do in Birmingham at christmas?

We use how, not what, to ask-
- a general opinion on something :                           How was the journey?
- about general health :                                           How is your brother?
- about preferences relating to food and drink :       How do you like your coffee?  

We can use whose to ask about the person that owns or is responsible for something. Whose can be used either before a verb (as a pronoun):

- Whose are these boots?

or before a noun or noun phrase (as a determiner) introducing direct or indirect questions:
- Whose boots are these?
Where use to place for function is adverb can not use adjective

- Where did he go?          He went to Chiangrai.

- Where do you live?       I live in Sukhothai.

Why use to reason and use to adverb only and answer is because...example

- Why did she do like that?           Because she didn't know the truth.
- Why does he buy that book?      Because he want to know about Masha.

references : http://encarta.msn.com/dictionary_1861713104/WH-question.html
Advanced grammar in use Cambridge.
http://www.tolearnenglish.com/exercises/exercise-english-2/exercise-english-47448.php

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zlPOkiKu4Ac

There is, There are

How to use "There is" and "There are"

There is and There are use to meaning is Present Tense

: Use there is when Noun after is Singular

: Use there are when Noun after is Plural

   Example : There is a book on the table.  มีหนังสือเล่มหนึ่งอยู่บนโต๊ะ
                    
                    (Use "There is" because a book is Singular)

                    There are two boys in this room.    มีเด็กชาย 2 คนอยู่ในห้องนั้น

                    (Use "There are" because two boys is Plural)


Exercise

    Fill in the blanks with is or are.


   1. There .........one hundred chairs in this office.
   2. There .........a map on the wall.
   3. There .........three doors in this room.
   4. There .........a seat for each student.
   5. There .........many pupils in our class.
   6. There .........a man in the house.
   7. There .........a blackboard in our classroom.
   8. There .........a piece of paper on the desk.
   9. There .........seven days in a week.
  10. There .........a dozen eggs in the basket.
  11. There .........two keys in the drawer.
  12. There .........one bird in the cage.
  13. There .........twelve months in a year.
  14. There .........girls in our school.
  15. There .........a car in the garage.


Reference: http://www.eslgo.com/classes/beginner/bedroom.html
                   Book Progressive English Expression and Active oral Practice

Verb to be

กริยาช่วย Verb to be มี 8 รูปแบบ
is am are was were be being been

• is      ใช้กับประธานเอกพจน์และเป็นปัจจุบันกาล
• am    ใช้กับประธาน I เท่านั้นและเป็นปัจจุบันกาล
• are    ใช้กับประธานพหูพจน์และเป็นปัจจุบัลกาล
• was   ใช้กับประธานเอกพจน์และเป็นอดีตกาล
• were  ใช้กับประธานพหูพจน์และเป็นอดีตกาล
• be      เป็นรูป Infinitive (กริยาช่องที่ 1) ของ Verb to be 
• being  เป็นรูปเดิมของ ing ของ be ซึ่งเป็นกริยาช่องที่ 1
• been   เป็นกริยาช่องที่ 3

การใช้ Verb to be

1. ใช้เป็นกริยาช่วยในประโยคที่เป็น Continuous Tense โดยนำไปวางไว้หน้ากริยาหลักที่เติม ing เช่น 

      -  She is sleeping here.            (เธอกำลังนอนหลับอยู่ที่นี่)
      -  I am going to school.           (ผมกำลังจะไปโรงเรียน)

    2.   ใช้เป็นกริยาช่วยในประโยคที่เป็น Passive Voice โดยนำไปวางไว้หน้ากริยาหลักช่องที่ 3 (Past    Participle)  เช่น

      - Bottles are made of glass.     (ขวดทำด้วยแก้ว)

      - She was bitten by the snake. (เธอถูกกัดโดยงู)

   3.   ใช้เป็นกริยาหลักของประโยคได้ แต่จะมีความหมายไม่สมบูรณ์ในตัวเองต้องมีส่วนเสริม(Complement)ซึ่งอาจเป็นคำนาม(Noun) หรือ คุณศัพท์(Dajective) มาขยายให้สมบูรณ์ เช่น

      - She was a teacher.   (เธอเป็นครู)
         teacher เป็นคำนามและเป็น Complement ของ was

   4.   วางไว้หน้า to + Infinitive (กริยาช่องที่ 1) จะมีความหมายว่าตระเตรียมหรือจะกระทำการใดในอนาคต เช่น
  
      - I were to come and see her this weekend.  (ผมกะว่าจะไปเยี่ยมเธอในวันสุดสัปดาห์นี้)
        
   5.  ใช้ is to , are to ในความหมายคล้ายกับเป็นคำสั่ง (must) เช่น
  
      - The guests are to leave before 12.00 o'clock.   = must have
         (ผู้มาพักจะต้องออกไปก่อนเวลา 12 นาฬิกา)

   6.   ใช้ be + Adjective ในรูปประโยคคำสั่งหรือคำขอร้อง ในกรณีเป็นคำสั่งห้ามให้ใช้  Verb to do นำแล้วตามด้วย not (รูปย่อ)
หรือ never เช่น

     -  Be quiet!          (เงียบหน่อย)

     -  Be careful!       (ระวัง)

     -  Don't be late!   (อย่ามาสาย)
     -  Don't be lazy    (อย่าขี้เกียจ)

 *อาจใช้ Do be + Adjective ในกรณีที่ต้องการเน้นให้หนักเเน่น เช่น

     -  Do  be  careful!    (โปรดระวังหน่อย)



แหล่งอ้างอิง : ไวยากรณ์ อังกฤษ ฉบับ เรียนลัดเป็นเร็วhttp://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/to_be.htm